[66] However, it can also be argued that the placement of the vulnerable eye of the nut (down when floating), and the site of the coir cushion are better positioned to ensure that the water-filled nut does not fracture when dropping on rocky ground, rather than for flotation. It is also used as a natural moisturizer, especially for winter. Every part of the palm is usable for human needs -- food, shelter and fiber. Fruit growing, on the other hand, is perennial in nature, allowing the grower to remain engaged in farm operations throughout the year and to make full use of farm resources and assets, such as machinery, land, and water, for production purposes throughout the year. The coconut sector in the past has been dominated by products, copra and coconut oil, and the international coconut trade used to be driven by the demand for . The word Narali is derived from naral implying "coconut" in Marathi. The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. The researchers concluded that it was brought by early Austronesian sailors to the Americas from at least 2,250 BP, and may be proof of pre-Columbian contact between Austronesian cultures and South American cultures. The study contended that an adaptation to coral atolls would explain the prehistoric and modern distributions of Cocos, would have provided the necessary evolutionary pressures, and would account for morphological factors such as a thick husk to protect against ocean degradation and provide a moist medium in which to germinate on sparse atolls. Coconut assumes considerable significance in the national economy of coconut-growing countries in view of rural employment and income generation. This invertebrate builds armor from coconut halves", "Indonesia's veined octopus 'stilt walks' to collect coconut shells", "Coconut Fruit Of Lustre In Indian Culture", "How the Zulu coconut was saved from extinction", "Living Heritage Marcellin College Sina and the Eel", "The Fifth Voyage of Sindbad the Seaman The Arabian Nights The Thousand and One Nights Sir Richard Burton translator", Coconut revival new possibilities for the 'tree of life', https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coconut&oldid=1136466340, Mean daily temperature above 1213C (5455F) every day of the year, Mean annual rainfall above 1,000mm (39in). The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kannur under Kerala Agricultural University has developed an innovative extension approach called the compact area group approach to combat coconut mites. Rajamohan T. Clinical Biochemistry. The dry husk yields coir, a fibre highly resistant to salt water and used in the manufacture of ropes, mats, baskets, brushes, and brooms. They have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the single-seeded nut. [33], Coconuts are susceptible to the phytoplasma disease, lethal yellowing. Yet, its high in calories and saturated fat, so you should eat it in moderation. It can be used in liquid form as would other vegetable oils, or in solid form similar to butter or lard. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. Coconut palms are believed to be largely cross-pollinated, although most dwarf varieties are self-pollinating. The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses. Since then, numerous other fossils of similar fruits were recovered throughout New Zealand from the Eocene, Oligocene, and possibly the Holocene. Coconut water is LIKELY SAFE for most adults when consumed as a drink. Coconut palms require warm conditions for successful growth, and are intolerant of cold weather. What are 10 uses for a coconut? [101], Coconut flour has also been developed for use in baking, to combat malnutrition. [108] The artificial landscaping may have been the cause for lethal yellowing, a viral coconut palm disease that leads to the death of the tree. Its meat fills the entire interior of the coconut shell, rather than just the inner surfaces. (1993). (2008). Coconuts take 12 months to fully mature and ripen. What is the economic importance of coconut? A coconut (Sanskrit: narikela) is an essential element of rituals in Hindu tradition. Macapuno is a coconut variety with a jelly-like coconut meat. It supplies food, drink and shelter and also supplies raw material to number of industries intimately connected with domestic as well as economic life. [131][86], Coconut milk powder, a protein-rich powder can be processed from coconut milk following centrifugation, separation, and spray drying. It allows toxins to be thrown out of stomach. Climbers employed in coconut plantations often develop musculoskeletal disorders and risk severe injury or death from falling. The inner posterior tepal is completely outside. It was the world's largest producer for decades until a decline in production due to aging trees as well as typhoon devastation. However, Cocos is not thought to be indigenous to South America, and the highest genetic diversity is present in Asian Cocos, indicating that at least the modern species Cocos nucifera is native to there. Coconut palms are cultivated north of south Florida to roughly Cocoa Beach on the East Coast and Clearwater on the West Coast. (April 2006). Coconuts are commonly grown around the northern coast of Australia, and in some warmer parts of New South Wales. [78] Manually climbing trees is traditional in most countries and requires a specific posture that exerts pressure on the trunk with the feet. In the Philippines, this alcoholic drink is called lambanog (historically also called vino de coco in Spanish) or "coconut vodka". Traditionally, dessert banana plants and local wild beach flora such as Scaevola taccada and Ipomoea pes-caprae were used as humidity-supplying green undergrowth for coconut trees, mixed with sea almond and sea hibiscus. It can be eaten as food or used as medicine. Other types of large trees produce a single downward-growing tap root with a number of feeder roots growing from it. Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Learn how and when to remove this template message, more deaths are caused by falling coconuts than by sharks, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, "Rise in coconut yield, farming area put India on top", "How Long Does It Take for a Coconut Tree to Get Coconuts? The export of spices generates foreign exchange earnings of Rs. She earned her B.A. Economics of Coconut Oil; Just Change Trust; 2006; Bangalore, India. Androecium Absent but staminodes are present. Demand grew by 8 percent annually during 1993 to 2004. Specimens have been collected from the sea as far north as Norway (but it is not known where they entered the water). Coconut Oil May Help Treat Acne Because coconut oil and its components may help reduce inflammation in the body, it may also aid in the treatment of acne. Beneficial Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil on Lipid Parameters and in Vitro LDL Oxidation. Agriculture Industry In the past, the harvesting of coconuts and their husks was considered part of the waste or for burning fuel, and they did not have much economic benefit. How do you choose the best tender coconut. Each spike in the spadix bears 2 to 3 female flowers at the base and 200 to 300 male flowers at the top. Its versatility and value make it an important commodity that continues to play a vital role in the economic development of many countries around the world. Dried copra gives 60 to 67% oil and 33-40% oil cake. It noted that by using these small atolls, the species could easily island-hop. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division. A coco chocolatero was a cup used to serve small quantities of beverages (such as chocolate drinks) between the 17th and 19th centuries in countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, and Venezuela. Moisturize properly after washing your face. In Coco Coir Global, we are honored to be the leading coir substrate manufacturing company with top-grade products that are trusted and confirmed by many customers around the world. However, to exploit these opportunities there must be synergy created among private sector, public sector, research, technical actors and alignment of resources, objectives and targets," Mr Ferretti had remarked in his roadmap presentation. [18][19][20] Coconut oil is also a main ingredient in Ayurvedic oils. Every day, thousands of coconuts are broken, and some devotees break as many as 108 coconuts at a time as per the prayer. 50 % of existing coconut palms have passed their economic bearing age (60 years) and are due for replanting, around 900 million coconut seedlings are required at a value of USD$ 2.7 Billion to secure a sustainable future for the global coconut estate. It is dried out disintegrated coconut meat. During germination, the embryo pushes out of the functional pore and forms a haustorium (the coconut sprout) inside the central cavity. Coconuts probably originated somewhere in Indo-Malaya and are one of the most important crops of the tropics. [134][135] It can also be diluted into a beverage. [1] The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut")[2] can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut. Due to the performance of coconut in the economy as the major source of income, it is considered as a predictor of the general economic activity of the country. What Are the Major Regions of Manufacturing Lisa Smith has been an editor and writer since 1991. [127][128][129] Desiccated coconut are used in confections and desserts such as macaroons. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. It prefers areas with abundant sunlight and regular rainfall (1,5002,500mm[5998in] annually), which makes colonizing shorelines of the tropics relatively straightforward. [144], Coconut sap, usually extracted from cut inflorescence stalks is sweet when fresh and can be drunk as is such as in tuba fresca of Mexico (derived from the Philippine tub). In Cambodia, the roots are used in traditional medicine as a treatment for dysentery. [158], The leftover fiber from coconut oil and coconut milk production, coconut meal, is used as livestock feed. [113], Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) is a surfactant manufactured from coconut oil that is increasingly used as an ingredient in personal hygiene products and cosmetics, such as shampoos, liquid soaps, cleansers and antiseptics, among others. Coconut meal leftovers from oil and milk production feeds livestock. The husks can be used as flotation devices. [27][29][30] Conran et al. It is offered during worship to a Hindu god or goddess. From fermented today alcohol is prepared. Which Is Healthier Refined Or Unrefined Coconut Oil? Coconuts are grown in more than 93 countries in the world and therefore there is considerable scope to develop coir industry in further countries. Only a few of the roots penetrate deep into the soil for stability. [130], A special cultivar of coconut known as macapuno produces a large amount of jelly-like coconut meat. ; Diekmann, M. Her articles have appeared in "Newton Magazine" and she has contributed to myriad popular books, including "Masters of Deception" and "Click: The Ultimate Photography Guide for Generation Now." The process of husk extraction from the coir bypasses the retting process, using a custom-built coconut husk extractor designed by ASEANCanada Forest Tree Seed Centre in 1986. In Thailand, the coconut husk is used as a potting medium to produce healthy forest tree saplings. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. Thailand has been raising and training pig-tailed macaques to pick coconuts for around 400years. Coconut cultivation spans about 402 649 ha which accounts for 21 per cent of agricultural lands in the country. They are also used as a garnish for various dishes, as in klepon and puto bumbong. Micronutrients in significant content (more than 10% of the Daily Value) include the dietary minerals, manganese, copper, iron, phosphorus, selenium, and zinc (table). A coconut can be hollowed out and used as a home for a rodent or small birds. This basically turns the trunk of the tree into a ladder, though it reduces the value of coconut timber recovered from the trees and can be an entry point for infection. Drift models based on wind and ocean currents have shown that coconuts could not have drifted across the Pacific unaided. It is grown in tropical and subtropical regions, with the majority of global production occurring in Asia, followed by the Pacific and the Americas. [45][24][48][49] Their cultivation and spread was closely tied to the early migrations of the Austronesian peoples who carried coconuts as canoe plants to islands they settled. [112], In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration declared that coconut must be disclosed as an ingredient on package labels as a "tree nut" with potential allergenicity. The liquids inside of a coconut are available as Shredded sweetened coconut 100g 500 calories 48g carbs 43g sugar 35g fat 4. [174], The flowers are used sometimes in wedding ceremonies in Cambodia. Especially immature coconuts (6 to 8 months from flowering) sold for coconut water and softer jelly-like coconut meat (known as "green coconuts", "young coconuts", or "water coconuts"), where the original coloration of the fruit is more aesthetically pleasing. "The truth behind the "widespread" practice of monkeys harvesting coconuts in Thailand impacting on consumers & retailers", "Focus: Thai coconut farmers reject monkey abuse charges, suffer lost income", "Reviving the Coconut Industry of the Philippines", "Coconut faces a looming global supply shortage, but could an Australian industry crack it? Nearly one third of the world's population depends on coconut for nutrition and trade. Its BRIX level is 16 [sugars] compared to 12 in sugarcane juice. [104], In Goa, the coconut tree has been reclassified by the government as a palm (rather than a tree), enabling farmers and developers to clear land with fewer restrictions and without needing permission from the forest department before cutting a coconut tree.[105][106]. The conditions required for coconut trees to grow without any care are: The main limiting factor for most locations which satisfy the rainfall and temperature requirements is canopy growth, except those locations near coastlines, where the sandy soil and salt spray limit the growth of most other trees. In addition to the traditional products of copra, coconut oil and copra meal, coconut has the unique advantage of producing a wide variety of food and environment friendly non-food products which are used both domestically and for a global export market. However, both James Cook and William Bligh[69] (put adrift after the Bounty mutiny) found no sign of the nuts along this 2,000km (1,200mi) stretch when he needed water for his crew. and early germination on the palm (vivipary) was important. In the 18th century, Belize exported dried coconuts to Britain to produce food . Flowers are protandrous, the female flowers open, after the male flowers have withered. Coconut oil, from the seed of the palm coconut, Cocos nucifera, is highly revered in Asia as the "Tree of Life" or as the fruit of the gods. Apical buds of adult plants are edible, and are known as "palm cabbage" or heart of palm. From here, island-hopping via coral atolls lining the Tethys Sea, potentially boosted by the ocean currents at the time, would have proved crucial to dispersal, eventually allowing ancestral coconuts to reach India. Economic importance The palms with the greatest importance in world commerce are the coconut and the African oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis ); both are prime sources of vegetable oil and fat. Coir Developments Much of coir production is done by small holders meaning production is scattered and at small volumes. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. Dried coconut leaves can be burned to ash, which can be harvested for lime. The liquid of the nut, known as coconut water, is used in beverages. [49], In contrast to the Pacific coconuts, Indo-Atlantic coconuts were largely spread by Arab and Persian traders into the East African coast. Coconuts were introduced by Europeans to the Americas only during the colonial era in the Columbian exchange, but there is evidence of a possible pre-Columbian introduction of Pacific coconuts to Panama by Austronesian sailors. Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. [18][19] Niu vai endocarp fragments have been recovered in archaeological sites in the St. Matthias Islands of the Bismarck Archipelago. The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosperm so that it remains soft and this has become the characteristic of the nut. The tender coconutis witnessing a surge in sales in the country. [59], Coconuts today can be grouped into two highly genetically distinct subpopulations: the Indo-Atlantic group originating from southern India and nearby regions (including Sri Lanka, the Laccadives, and the Maldives); and the Pacific group originating from the region between maritime Southeast Asia and Melanesia. Besides, the stem is used for construction of houses and leaves are used for thatching, fencing and making baskets and broomsticks. Rajamohan T. Clinical Biochemistry. [40], Carl Linnaeus first wanted to name the coconut genus Coccus from latinizing the Portuguese word coco, because he saw works of other botanists in middle of the 17th century use the name as well. ", "Structure and Function of the Haustorim in Germinating Coconut Palm Seed", "Fossil fruit of Cocos L. (Arecaceae) from Maastrichtian-Danian sediments of central India and its phytogeographical significance", "An update of monocot macrofossil data from New Zealand and Australia", "A Fossil Coconut Fruit from the Early Eocene of Gujarat", "Long-distance dispersal of the coconut palm by migration within the coral atoll ecosystem", "Independent Origins of Cultivated Coconut (, "Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion", "Coconuts: not indigenous, but quite at home nevertheless", "An early sophisticated East Polynesian voyaging canoe discovered on New Zealand's coast", "Germination rate is the significant characteristic determining coconut palm diversity", "Deep history of coconuts decoded: Origins of cultivation, ancient trade routes, and colonization of the Americas", "Complete sequence and comparative analysis of the chloroplast genome of coconut palm (, The Coconut Odyssey the bounteous possibilities of the tree of life, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, "Report: 26 provinces quarantined for coconut pest", "Coconut production in 2019, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)", "Petenes mangroves: types and severity of threats", "Health of coconut tree climbers of rural southern India medical emergencies, body mass index and occupational marks: A quantitative and survey study", "Philippine coconut industry: No monkey business here", "The Chemistry of Coconut Milk and Cream", "New mechanical coconut climbing device developed", "A study on skills for trade and economic diversification (STED) in the non-traditional coconut export sectors of the Philippines".
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