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who were the female governors of texas

In Patton's unit, some eight years Continue Reading 252 (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images). RT @j_blue_advocacy: Hey Governor! [15], Except for an unsuccessful bid to replace Governor W. Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel in 1940, the Fergusons remained retired from political life after 1935. 04 Mar 2023 14:04:31 LRL Home - Legislators and Leaders - Governors of Texas, 1846 - present. The remark was widely repeated in the press coverage of the event. As we gather tonight in San Marcos, the state of our state has never been more exceptional. Dallas: The Dallas Morning News, L.P., 2001. Others, such as actress Lily Tomlin and newspaper columnist Liz Smith, spoke at her funeral and at her public memorial service. What are the answers to studies weekly week 26 social studies? While many of them were the firsts in conquering a male-dominated faction, title, political seat or sport, they certainly wont be the last as they continue to inspire women of all ages and across all societies. Wests campaign launch came about a month after he announced his resignation as state party chairman, a position where West regularly criticized Abbotts response to the COVID-19 pandemic and his unwillingness to push the states legislative agenda further to the right. There were only two women governors in Texas history - Miriam (sometimes known as "Ma") Ferguson, who served twice in the 1920s and again in the 1930s, and Ann Richards, elected in 1990. Most importantly, Cecilia is a proud mother to her daughter, Audrey, and a devoted wife to her husband of 41 years, the Governor of Texas, Greg Abbott. She will be one of the nation's first openly lesbian governors. Ma leveraged what remained of her husband's supports and a common slogan of hers was, "Me for Ma, and I Ain't Got a Durned Thing Against Pa." She attended Salado College and Baylor Female College at Belton. The fiscally conservative governor held the line on state expenditures and even advocated a state sales tax and corporate income tax, although the state legislature did not act on these proposals. Mrs. Ferguson served as the first lady of Texas during the gubernatorial terms of her husband (1915-17), who was impeached during his second administration. Share their legacy in the comment section below. Velma Duran, whose sister Irma Garcia was one of two teachers killed at Robb . Hosted by Michael Barbaro. (Image: Doug Pensinger /Allsport), Portrait of American journalist Molly Ivins (1944 - 2007) in 1996. three female Governors. Tina Kotek, a Democrat, fended off two well-funded challengers in the race for governor of Oregon. NGA says he was Lt. Gov who served as Gov after Murrah fled Texas. Arizona is the first state where a woman succeeded another woman as governor, and the first state to have had five women governors. It was rumored that state highway contracts went only to companies that advertised in the Fergusons' newspaper, the Ferguson Forum. The force also saw its salaries and funds slashed by the Texas Legislature, and their numbers reduced further to 32 men. Henderson vacated the office November 23, 1853, when he succeeded Peter Bell as Governor of Texas. The Abbott Derangement Syndrome crowd has spent many months and millions of dollars making bogus attacks against Governor@GregAbbott_TXand has gotten absolutely nowhere, the groups tweet read. Katie Hobbs, an Arizona Democrat, was elected to an open seat in 2022. There was! Do you know that I was an executive with a Fortune 300 company?, I could continue but I think you get the point. In the May primary she led Ross Sterling, who then defeated her in the August runoff. [11][circular reference], In October 1933, Ferguson signed into law Texas House Bill 194, which was instrumental in establishing the University of Houston as a four-year institution.[12]. (Photo by Mitchell Gerber/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images). Current Governor Greg Abbott was elected in 2014 and re-elected in 2018 and again in 2022. When she was 24, she married James Edward Ferguson, a lawyer, at her father's farm near Belton in Bell County, Texas. Twenty-two. [11][circular reference], The general disorganization of law enforcement in the state convinced the members of the Legislature that a thorough revision of the public security system was in order, and with that purpose it hired the services of a consulting firm from Chicago. Several vocal Republicans have. Members of the Texas Congress 1836-1845, Members of Miriam A. Ferguson and Ann Richards, and there were two un-consecutive terms by Ma Ferguson so technically there have been three female Governors. She then moved from local to state government in 1982 when she won the election to become the state treasurer. Richards' political profile kept rising. She served as Secretary of state from 2019 until she became governor. Governors of Texas, 1846-present Related Links Pre-Republic Governors of Texas, 1691-1836 | Lieutenant Governors of Texas | Portraits of Texas Governors | Presidents and Vice Presidents of the Republic of Texas J. Pinckney Henderson February 19, 1846-December 21, 1847 George T. Wood December 21, 1847-December 21, 1849 Peter Hansbrough Bell December 21, 1849-November 23, 1853 AUSTIN (KXAN) Gov. The ruling declared that he could no longer hold office in Texas, but he ran the campaigns of his wife, Miriam "Ma" Ferguson. She was the first female governor of Texas, and the second to be governor of any U.S. state, after Nellie Tayloe Ross. 04 Mar 2023 00:23:29 Get highlights, trending news, and behind-the-scenes insights from Houston Public Media delivered to your inbox each week. She made waves at the 1988 Democratic. During his second term, he was investigated by State Attorney General Dan Moody (who would, incidentally, succeed her as Governor in 1927 after her first term) for actions that had been taken against the University of Texas. In 1899, she married James Ferguson and planned to settle down and raise a. The Oscars will air on ABC and can be streamed on ABC.com and the ABC app as well as Hulu + Live TV, YouTube TV, AT&T TV or FuboTV. She was survived by her four children from her marriage to David Richards and eight grandchildren. Poor George, he can't help it. (Campaign pamphlet)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miriam_A._Ferguson&oldid=1139445572, This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 04:58. Abbott has mostly ignored Wests attacks, though Smith says Abbott has appeared to cater more to his right flanks over the past few months. Her nickname, "Ma", came from her initials, "M. Do you know that I pastored three churches? The current governor of Texas officially announced Saturday that he will run for re-election. You are currently viewing a legacy feature of the Texas Politics Project website. Her husband served as Governor of Texas from 1915 to 1917. In 1932, she ran again and won with 61% of the vote. Her skills include content management, engagement and reporting. In 1899, at the age of twenty-four, she married James Edward Ferguson, also of Bell County. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. Though a teetotaler like her husband, she aligned herself with the "wets" in the battle over prohibition. The situation worsened for the Rangers when they entangled themselves in politics in 1932 by publicly supporting Governor Ross Sterling in his re-election campaign over "Ma" Ferguson. Abbott is poised to win the GOP race by a significant margin. It's been 538 days since you declared you were going to eliminate rape. Inaugurated fifteen days after Wyoming's Nellie Ross, Miriam Ferguson became the second woman governor in United States history. Our current leadership has forgotten that their mission is to serve us, she said in her video announcement. @GovAbbott @GregAbbott_TX. We believe in miracles.. Change). Territory Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia[9] with no limit on gubernatorial terms. : Senate Engrossing and The incumbent, Greg Abbott, is the forty-eighth governor to serve in the office since Texas' statehood in 1845. [7], Ferguson ran again in 1932. She served one term in office before being defeated in the next election. Horn, a Houston-area woman who lists her occupation in election filings as a philanthropist, does not appear to have an official campaign website or social media pages. Kate Brown of Oregon will be the only female incumbent barred from seeking re-election by term limits. "[7] The constitution of 1869, enacted during Reconstruction, removed term limitations,[8] to this day making Texas one of sixteen states, territory or jurisdiction (including the U.S. [6], Ferguson's second term as governor was less controversial than her first. Harrisons campaign website doesnt pull punches when it comes to how Harrison thinks Gov. Texas Governor Ann Richards dove-hunting. Once elected, she made good on her promise by adding African Americans and women to the Texas Rangers, a law enforcement agency. 2003, The Texas State Historical Association. In addition, two women have served as governor in Puerto Rico and one currently serves as governor in Guam. un-consecutive terms by Ma Ferguson so technically there have been Connecticut's place to go for things to do around Hartford and New Haven, including best restaurants, family events, live music, museums and more. both of Shivers and Clements' records were surpassed by Perry. Ma Ferguson was the first female Governor of Texas and the second female Governor elected in the United States. Ferguson did not originate the quote. She opposed the Ku Klux Klan, which was on the decline after 1925 because of a national murder and sex scandal by its president, D. C. Stephenson. Why was the decision Roe v. Wade important for feminists? Rebecca Salinas joined KSAT in the fall of 2019. Create a website or blog at WordPress.com. Whether Ma Ferguson actually disbanded the Texas Ranger Division rests on something of a technicality. Butte had been supported in the general election by former governor William P. Hobby, who had succeeded James Ferguson in 1917 and won a full term in 1918. The convention selected Bill Clinton to run for president of the United States. Mrs. Ferguson continued her liberal pardoning and parole policies, but even that action did not stir as much controversy as in her first administration Wiki User 2008-12-07 10:17:36 This answer. Miriam Ferguson, in full Miriam Amanda Wallace Ferguson, byname Ma Ferguson, (born June 13, 1875, Bell county, Texas, U.S.died June 25, 1961, Austin, Texas), American politician who in 1925 became the first female governor of Texas after campaigning as a stand-in for her husband, James Edward (Jim) Ferguson, who had been convicted of financial crimes and impeached as governor in 1917 and . of Assistive and Rehabilitative Services, School for the Blind and Visually Impaired, Office of Court Administration/Texas Judicial Council, National Register of Historic Places Sites, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_Texas&oldid=1142206742, Lists of state governors of the United States, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Captain of the 6th Texas Cavalry Regiment, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 02:38. FILE - Sheryl Swoops of the USA dribbles the ball down the court during a game against China at the Palestra in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Senator from Texas. And Im not asking permission from the federal government. With his recent re-election, Abbott is on track to becoming the state's second longest-serving governor with 12 . Enrolling, Senate Reproduction, 1992. Miriam Amanda Wallace Ferguson, known as Miriam "Ma" Ferguson (June 13, 1875 - June 25, 1961), was an American politician who served two terms as a governor of Texas. Kathy Bates plays a supporting role as Texas Governor Ma Ferguson, who disbanded the Texas Rangers and is portrayed as reluctantly sanctioning the manhunt. 12, No. Of the 45 female governors, 30 were first elected in their own right; three replaced their husbands and 12, including Hochul, became governor by constitutional succession. February 16, 2023 | Austin, Texas | Press Release **Governor Abbott often deviates from prepared remarks** Good evening to members of the Texas Legislature, members of the Texas Supreme Court, state officials, and to my fellow Texans. Ghostlore of Illinois Colleges & Universities (2015), Shades of Gray: Strange Tales from the Old Dominion (digital, 2017), Action at Aquia Creek, Stafford,Virginia, Action at Mathias Point, King George,Virginia, Northern Virginia Campaign Battle of ThoroughfareGap, Northern Virginia Campaign First Battle of BristoeStation, Northern Virginia Campaign First Battle of RappahannockStation, Northern Virginia Campaign Skirmish at FreemansFord, Northern Virginia Campaign Catlett StationRaid. Allan Shivers assumed the governorship upon the death of Beauford Jester in July 1949 and was re-elected in 1950, 1952 and 1954, serving for .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}7+12 years, making him the third longest serving governor before choosing to retire in 1956. the Texas Legislature 1846 1992. "Fergusonism," as the Fergusons' brand of populism was called, remains a controversial subject in Texas. While serving as governor, Richards was appointed chairwoman of the Democratic National Convention in 1992. She became the governor of Texas in 1990, and although she only spent one term in office losing the 1994 election to George W. Bush she was known for plans to build a "new Texas." Get the Android Weather app from Google Play, Sign Up for Daily News & Breaking News Newsletters, Sign up for Digging Deep: Inside KXAN Investigates newsletter. These Texas women were trailblazers in turning society on its head and they raised hell by doing so. United States deputy secretary of defense, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors_of_Texas&oldid=8317225, Captain of the 6th Texas Cavalry Regiment. Party statistics. Miriam A. Ferguson and Ann Richards, and there were two Her mother was Emma S. Bledsoe, a woman who had a master's degree in engineering and another in music. General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin, Liberal Arts Instructional Technology Services. He goes after them it legitimizes one of those two candidates and turns it from a three-person race into a two-person race, explained Smith. As lieutenant governor, filled unexpired term, and was subsequently elected in their own right. Governors of Texas [ change | change source] References [ change | change source] "CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries". https://www.ksat.com/news/texas/2021/03/12/13-inspiring-texas-women-who-reshaped-us-history/. Four years ago, Democrats in Maryland elected an African-American as their nominee for governor Anthony Brown. According to the Baroness Kandy Kaye Horn Foundations website, which Horn is listed as chairman and founder of, she attended and graduated from Texas Christian University and received her MBA from UT in Arlington. But it was very different when Miriam Amanda Ferguson became the first woman governor of Texas in 1925. He is the only major Democrat with political experience to challenge Republican incumbent Gov. The focal point of discontent centered upon irregularities both in the granting of pardons and paroles and in the letting of road contracts by the state highway department. James "Pa" Ferguson was the Governor of Texas from 1915 to 1917, when he was impeached and convicted on several charges. WINNER Eric Sorensen,. In real life, her name was Miriam "Ma" Ferguson. 8. the office of lieutenant governor is different from the office of the vice president in that a. the office of lieutenant governor has a two-year term versus the vice president's four-year term. Clark vacated the office March 16, 1861 when he succeeded Sam Houston as Governor of Texas. Babe Didrikson is regarded as one of the greatest athletes of all times. 10. 42, Ed. It added some much needed historical flavoring to the story. Hammon became the first woman to direct an NBA team, taking over the Spurs after coach Gregg Popovich was ejected in a 121-107 loss to the Lakers. According the Light, she was accused of unlawful assembly and disturbing peace. Houston Public Media is supported with your gifts to the Houston Public Media Foundation and is licensed to the University of Houston, , Below the Waterlines: Houston After Hurricane Harvey, Texas State Library and Archives Commissions, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs , LC-DIG-ggbain-19646, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs, LC-DIG-ggbain-16894, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/FF/ffe6.html, I SEE U, Episode 59: Real Hot Girl Inspiration [Encore], Southern Black Girls and Womens Consortium, I SEE U, Episode 3: The Tulsa Opera[tion] [Encore], Greenwood District RestorationDeath In A Promised Land The Tulsa Race Riot Of 1921, Some Parting Wisdom From News 88.7s Paul Pendergraft, As Texas STAAR test goes fully online, teachers feel defeated, Texas Education Agency projects confidence, Santa Fe High School shooter remains mentally incompetent to stand trial, further dragging on 5-year-old case, Houston weather: Thursday night cold front could bring severe weather to region, Bun B announces part of RodeoHouston Southern Takeover lineup, Law enforcement cracking down on street takeovers ahead of Houston-area racing event. Resigned after winning the Democratic primary for a. Abbott's second term began on January 15, 2019 and will expire on January 17, 2023. Ella T. Grasso, right, is sworn in as governor of Connecticut by Connecticut Supreme Court Chief Justice Charles House, left, in ceremonies at the state capitol in Hartford, Jan. 8, 1975. Let the Houston Public Media newsroom help you start your day. Dallas, Tex. How many 5 letter words can you make from Cat in the Hat? He defeated her to become the next and then-youngest governor of Texas. [13][14], See: List of Texas Governors and Presidents. She went on to get a teaching certificate at the University of Texas in Austin in 1955. b. when governors leave their states, lieutenant governors become acting governors. The state provides an official residence, the Governor's Mansion in Austin. : Texas Legislative Council, 2002. Cooper has run as a democrat in other high-level races in Texas including previous runs for the senate and for Lieutenant Governor. @GovAbbott @GregAbbott_TX. Ann Richards, the witty and flamboyant Democrat who went from homemaker to national political celebrity, died Wednesday . Rick Perry: Texas: 2000 - 2015 : Republican: Gov. Meanwhile, the University of Texas and KXANs partners at the Texas Tribune found that Abbott leads ORourke by a larger margin than that, 9 percentage points, despite only 48% of respondents saying they thought the governor was doing a good job. However, this number dropped to 24 on Jan. 20, soon after the start of the congressional term, as Sen. Kamala Harris (D-Calif.) became vice president and was replaced by a male appointee and Raphael Warnock, the winner of the Georgia runoff election, replaced Sen. Kelly Loeffler (R-Ga.). On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Feisty politician Ann Richards came to national attention as a keynote speaker in the 1988 Democratic National Convention and later as governor of Texas. Kathy Bates plays a supporting role as Texas Governor Ma Ferguson, who disbanded the Texas Rangers and is portrayed as reluctantly sanctioning the manhunt. Bill Clements served two non-consecutive four-year terms, having been elected in 1978 but lost re-election in 1982 before winning re-election in 1986, choosing to retire in 1990, was the second longest-serving governor: both of Shivers and Clements' records were surpassed by Perry. The filing deadline was December 13, 2021. Here's a list of the women governors in the United States, in chronological order: Nellie Tayloe Ross Wyoming, Democrat, 1925 - 1927Replaced late husband, winning special election Miriam "Ma" Ferguson Texas, Democrat, 1925 - 1927, 1933 - 1935Surrogate for her husband, who was prohibited by law from succeeding himself Lurleen Wallace Please log in using one of these methods to post your comment: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. He also said ORourke will need to swing independents if he wants to beat Abbott. Republicanism in Reconstruction Texas. She won the Texas Women's Open in 1945, and was named AP Female Athlete of the Year (an award that she won six times). Presiding Officers of the Texas Legislature 1846 2002. Cooper is also the chapter president for his local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). After leading Sterling in the May primary by over 100,000 votes, Ma Ferguson narrowly won the Democratic nomination in the August primary. He remained silent. Richards also worked as an adviser and a consultant. Greg Abbott officially announced Saturday during the Hispanic Leadership Summit that he will run to keep his job as governor of Texas. There were certain members of the faculty whom. The Beaumont native, pastor and father of seven is running on education, climate change, and criminal justice reform, among other platforms listed on Coopers official campaign website. He was not out there defending the President or democracy. All Rights Reserved. Ma Ferguson was elected twice as Texas governor. You can find the full transcript here. Shortly after her death, former president Clinton escorted her casket to the Capitol where thousands came to pay their last respects to one of the greatest politicians in Texas history. She was elected county commissioner in 1976, then state treasurer in 1982. c. lieutenant governors are usually from the opposition party, whereas vice presidents are not. This Womens History Month, KSAT is highlighting 13 iconic women of Texas who helped change the course of history, either in businesses, politics or everyday life. During his term, the governor advocated for a stronger southern border, staunchly opposed vaccine and mask mandates during the COVID-19 pandemic, instead pursuing testing and monoclonal antibody treatment centers, and signed into law one of the most restrictive abortion laws in the country. Ironically, Texas women used their recent enfranchisement to vote against her and for the Republican reform candidate. [4] The Texas State Senate impeached him, convicted him on ten charges, and prohibited him from holding state office in Texas again. She was re-elected to that post in 1986. [16] Though never proven, rumors persisted that pardons were available in exchange for cash payments to the governor's husband. State expenditures were slightly increased, despite a campaign pledge to cut the budget by $15 million. *Includes outgoing service between beginning of legislative session and inauguration of new governor. (UTSA Special Collections San Antonio Light collection), San Antonio Spurs assistant coach Becky Hammon breaks from a huddle during a timeout in the second half of an NBA basketball game against the Los Angeles Lakers in San Antonio, Wednesday, Dec. 30, 2020. Richards entered politics in the 1950 as a volunteer for several Democratic gubernatorial campaigns. how many times greater is 0.0015 then 750.0? What Beto ORourke needs to do is try to reassemble some of that 2018 coalition that almost defeated Ted Cruz. Can you provide the women of Texas, and really the world, an update of how that's going? It was a year of Democratic successes as Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected as President of the United States. Still Practicing: Tracking Problem Doctors, Texas Coronavirus Vaccine Rollout Investigations, Sign up for More than the Score Sports newsletter, results of the primary election in this story, Texas Politics Project poll finds Gov. Miriam Amanda Wallace "Ma" Ferguson (June 13, 1875 June 25, 1961) was an American politician who served two non-consecutive terms as the governor of Texas: from 1925 to 1927, and from 1933 to 1935. James Throckmorton was removed from office by General, Resigned due to disagreements with General. Join others and make your gift to Houston Public Media today. Hey Governor! An undated image of Clara Driscoll giving a speech in San Antonio. Ann Richards gave the keynote address at the Democratic national convention in 1988 and in 1990 won an acrimonious race for governor. See results by county as Republicans and Democrats vote on their candidates. Democratic Gov. As lieutenant governor, filled an unexpired term, Evicted from office due to his refusal to swear an oath to the. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Her campaign sought vindication for the Ferguson name, promised extensive cuts in state appropriations, condemned the Ku Klux Klan, and opposed passing new liquor legislation. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us! James Throckmorton was removed from office by General, Resigned due to disagreements with General. A poll published in November by the Texas Hispanic Policy Foundation found that despite the crowded Republican primary, Gov. Democrat James "Pa" Ferguson Jr. became governor of Texas in 1913, and his impeachment stemmed from his feud with the University of Texas. Over a thousand people gathered to listen to music and guest speakers and have a moment of silence for the seven victims of the mass shooting during the July 4th parade in Highland Park. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. What type of electrical charge does a proton have? Sources: 1998 - 2023 Nexstar Media Inc. | All Rights Reserved. She attended Salado College and Baylor Female College at Belton. Brown went on to lose the governor's race to Republican Larry Hogan, even though. ORourke previously came within two percentage points of the incumbent Republican U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz in 2018. She died of complications with esophageal cancer in 2006. : University of North Texas Press, 2009. Miriam A. Ferguson. The Texas Politics Project 15. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. (Photo by Robert Daemmrich Photography Inc/Corbis via Getty Images). In November 1924 she handily defeated the Republican nominee, George C. Butte, a former dean of the University of Texas law school. law that is the biggest curb on abortion in the U.S. since they were legalized a half . .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}How the Greensboro Four Began the Sit-In Movement, Tuskegee Airman Clarence D. Lester Broke Barriers, The Man Behind the First All-Black Basketball Team, 10 Milestones on Viola Davis Road to EGOT Glory, 2023 Grammy Awards: Six Winners Who Made History, 10 Black Pioneers in Aviation Who Broke Barriers. She later ran the successful campaign to elect Sarah Weddington the lawyer who argued the winning side of Roe v. Wade in front of the U.S. Supreme Court to the Texas legislature in 1972. Known for her sharp wit, strong personality and liberal political views, Richards fought for women's and minority rights and worked to bring more women and minorities into power. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? "Ma" Ferguson was the stand in governor for her husband Jim who had been impeached When did Ma Ferguson get elected AND when did she get re-elected into office? The Huffines ad saying the Cowboys are going to win the Super Bowl was fantastic in terms of getting a lot of attention, but neither of them have the credentials or experience in the Republican party that Greg Abbott does, Smith said. [8] She was the second female state governor in the United States, and the first to be elected in a general election. Misattributed If the King's English was good enough for Jesus Christ, it's good enough for the children of Texas! In 1924, Ma Ferguson ran for the governor position in Texas after her husband Jim Ferguson was.

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who were the female governors of texas

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